Advocates For Youth. 2003. Science and Success: Sex Education and Other Programs That Work to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, HIV & Other Sexually Transmitted Infections. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). A study of school and community-based teen pregnancy and HIV programs. The authors describe successful features of programs that are associated with delayed sexual initiation, lower numbers of sexual partners, lower frequency of sex, and increased use of condoms.

Alford, Sue. 2003. Adolescent Protective Behaviors: Abstinence and Contraceptive Use. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). A concise summary of teenage sexual behavior and attitudes. Washington, D.C.: Advocates For Youth.

Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2002. Plain Talk Implementation Guide: Tools For Developing Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy, STDs, and HIV/AIDS. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). Strategies for implementing the Plain Talk program, a program to reduce teen pregnancy through improving communication between adults and teens, including community mapping, creating partnerships, and involving parents.

Brindis, Claire, and Laura Davis. 1998. Communities Responding to the Challenge of Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention: Mobilizing For Action. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). Part 1 of a 4-part series examining successful strategies for pregnancy prevention programs. The authors focus on reducing the risks that make teenagers more likely to become sexually active and pregnant. Washington, D.C.: Advocates For Youth.

Child Trends. 2003. Facts at a Glance. (On-line: cited 4 March 2004). Concise presentation of teen birth statistics, including births per state and metropolitan region.

Dillard, Katie. 2002. Adolescent Sexual Behavior II: Socio-Psychological Factors. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). A concise summary showing how several risk factors (such as sexual abuse) are correlated with pregnancy, and how protective factors such as religious faith and communication with parents are associated with lower pregnancy rates. Washington, D.C.: Advocates For Youth.

Grossman, Jean Baldwin, Karen E. Walker, Lauren J. Kotloff, and Sarah Pepper. 2001. Adult Communication and Teen Sex: Changing a Community. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). Another evaluation of Plain Talk, focusing on how the program trained parents to talk to teens. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.

Kirby, Douglas. 1997. No Easy Answers: Research Findings on Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy (Summary. On-line: cited 9 February 2004). A meta-analysis of pregnancy-prevention programs. Washington, D.C.: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.

Kirby, Douglas. 2001. Emerging Answers: Research Findings On Programs to Reduce Teen Pregnancy. (Summary. On-line: cited 9 February 2004). An updated meta-analysis of pregnancy-prevention programs, focusing on newly proven successful programs. Washington, D.C.: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy.

Manlove, Jennifer, Elizabeth Terry-Humen, Angela Romano Papillo, Kerry Franzetta, Stephanie Williams, and Suzanne Ryan. 2002. Preventing Teenage Pregnancy, Childbearing, and STDs: What the Research Shows. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). Based on a review of more than 150 studies of adolescent reproductive health programs, this report focuses on the importance of “contexts” such as family, peers, school, and neighborhood in adolescent sexual behavior. Washington, D.C.: Child Trends.

Moss, Tamarah. 2003. Adolescent Pregnancy And Childbearing in the United States. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). A concise summary of teen pregnancy and birth statistics. Washington, D.C.: Advocates For Youth.

Sonenstein, Freya L., Kellie Stewart, Laura Duberstein Lindberg, Marta Pernas, amd Sean Williams. 1997. Involving Males in Preventing Teen Pregnancy: A Guide For Program Planners. Advice and strategies from successful programs that teach young men about responsible sexual behavior. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.

U.S. General Accounting Office. 1999. Teen Pregnancy: State and Federal Efforts to Implement Prevention Programs and Measure Their Effectiveness. An overview of frequently-implemented strategies to reduce teen pregnancy. Washington, D.C.: General Accounting Office.

Walker, Karen E., and Lauren J. Kotloff. 1999. Plain Talk: Addressing Adolescent Sexuality Through a Community Initiative. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). A final evaluation of the Plain Talk Initiative, a program to reduce teen pregnancy through improving communication between parents and teens. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.

Walker, Karen E., Bernadine H. Watson, and Linda J. Jucovy. 1999. Resident Involvement in Community Change: The Experiences of Two Initiatives. (On-line: cited 9 February 2004). A study of residents’ involvement in two youth development programs, Plain Talk and Community Change for Youth Development, stressing the advantages of sustained involvement. Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.