Bania, Neil, and Laura Leete. 1998. Geographic Distribution of Job Openings within the Cleveland-Akron, Columbus, and Toledo Metropolitan Areas:
Data Sources and Methodology. (On-line: cited 1 June 2004). In the appendix from the book Welfare Reform Impacts on the Public Housing Program: A Preliminary Forecast (Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development), Bania and Leete describe in detail how to geographically map low skill jobs with the unemployed in metropolitan areas. The methodology describes the public data sets and techniques used to create a map for the Cleveland area.

Blumenberg, Evelyn, and Paul Ong. 2002. Cars, Buses and Jobs: Welfare Participants and Employment Access in Los Angeles. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). A study of Los Angeles County, based on census and employment data that documents the extent of the spatial mismatch in that area.

Blumenberg, Evelyn, and Margy Waller. 2003. The Long Journey to Work: A Federal Transportation Policy for Working Families. (On-line: cited 2 July 2004). An analysis of the spatial mismatch issue and evaluation of various transportation options. The authors critique existing federal transportation and welfare policies for not addressing spatial mismatch comprehensively, and offer recommendations for reform. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Community Transportation Association of America. 1999. Access to Jobs: A Guide to Innovative Practices in Welfare-to-Work Transportation. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). An overview of challenges for programs and profiles of programs. Washington, D.C.

Dewees, Sarah. 2000. Transportation in Rural Communities: Strategies for Serving Welfare Participants and Other Low-Income Individuals. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). An overview of the unique characteristics of rural transportation challenges. Columbia, MO: Rural Policy Research Institute.

Elliot, Mark, Beth Palubinsky, and Joseph Tierney. 1999. Overcoming Roadblocks on the Way to Work: Bridges to Work Field Report. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). A final report of the Bridges to Work demonstration project, an 18-month program in five cities to provide job access. Philadelphia: Public/Private Ventures.

Katz, Bruce, and Katherine Allen. 1999. “Help Wanted: Connecting Inner-City Job Seekers with Suburban Jobs.” Brookings Review (Fall): 31-35. An overview of the spatial mismatch problem and critique of government efforts to address the problem. Katz and Allen stress the need to overcome the segmentation of public job and transportation agencies to find solutions for the metropolitan area as a whole.

Lucas, Marilyn T., and Charles F. Nicholson. 2003. “Subsidized Vehicle Acquisition and Earned Income in the Transition from Welfare to Work.” Transportation 30: 483-501. A longitudinal study of Vermont welfare recipients before and after participation in a program that subsidizes car purchases. The authors found that participants’ probability of employment and income both increased after entering the program.

Multisystems, Inc. 2000. Welfare to Work: Integration and Coordination of Transportation and Social Services. Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). An evaluation of job access programs using focus groups of riders, a literature review, and on-site case studies. Cambridge, MA.

Public/Private Ventures. 2001. In the Driver’s Seat: Five Local Directors Reflect on Their Time At the Helm of the National Bridges to Work Demonstration. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). The final report from the Bridges to Work job access program, consisting of interviews with program directors. Philadelphia, PA.

Pugh, Margaret. 1998. Barriers to Work: The Spatial Divide between Jobs and Welfare Recipients in Urban Areas. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). A review of the spatial mismatch literature and case studies of five cities. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.

Raphael, Steven and Lorian Rice. 2000. Car Ownership, Employment, and Earnings. (On-line: cited 1 June 2004). In a study of car ownership in 1992-1993, and controlling for other factors, Raphael and Rice find that car ownership is associated with an increased probability of employment and more hours worked per week.

Stommes, Eileen S., Dennis M. Brown, and Capree M. Houston. 2002. Moving Rural Residents to Work: Lessons Learned from Implementation of Eight-Job Access and Reverse Commute Projects. (On-line: cited 7 June 2004). Available at . An evaluation report of eight rural areas receiving funding under the Job Access and Reverse Commute program in 1999. The authors found that the sites needed to develop often complex partnerships for the programs to work.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2002. Workers on Flexible and Shift Schedules, 2001 Summary. (On-line: cited 21 May 2004). A summary of Current Population Survey data from 2001 with information on alternate and flexible shifts broken down by gender, age, and race.

U.S. Department of Transportation. No date. Challenge of Job Access: Moving Toward a Solution. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). A guide to assessing transportation needs and planning for job access programs.

U.S. General Accounting Office. 2002. Welfare Reform: Job Access Program Improves Local Service Coordination, But Evaluation Should Be Completed. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). A review of federal grants to job access programs.

U.S. General Accounting Office. 2003. Transportation -- Disadvantaged Populations: Some Coordination Efforts Among Programs Providing Transportation Services, But Obstacles Persist. (On-line: cited 19 April 2004). Available at . An evaluation of 62 federally funded job access programs, with a strong emphasis on how to ensure collaboration among services.